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What constitutes the crime of unsworn falsification to authorities?

Making a false verbal statement under oath

Submitting a written statement believed to be true

Making a false written statement with intent to mislead

The crime of unsworn falsification to authorities specifically involves making a false written statement with the intent to mislead. This means that if an individual knowingly provides false information in writing to authorities, intending for that information to be taken as true, it constitutes unsworn falsification. The key aspects here include the element of intention—to mislead—and the fact that the statement is written, which reinforces the seriousness of the action as it is often documented and can be verified against available evidence. In contrast, making a false verbal statement under oath relates to perjury, which has stricter legal consequences and requirements, including being made under oath. Submitting a written statement believed to be true might not involve deceit, as the individual genuinely believes the information is accurate. Providing incorrect information during a trial also pertains more to perjury or obstruction of justice rather than unsworn falsification, as it typically addresses the testimony provided in court rather than written statements made outside of such a context. Therefore, the focus on the intent to mislead in the context of a written statement distinguishes the nature of unsworn falsification from these other actions.

Providing incorrect information during a trial

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